What role did the concept of a white Australia play in bringing about federation?

The concept of a 'White Australia' played a significant role in bringing about the Federation of Australia in 1901. However, it was not the sole factor that led to the establishment of the Commonwealth. Here's how the White Australia policy contributed to the push for Federation:

1. Colonial Unity and National Identity:

The desire to create a unified Australian nation arose partly from the shared aspiration to maintain a predominantly European population. The colonies perceived the need for a stronger, united political entity that could enforce immigration restrictions to protect their vision of a 'White Australia'.

2. Economic Motivations:

White Australia policies were intertwined with economic considerations. Many believed that non-European migrants, particularly from Asia, posed a threat to the job security and economic well-being of white workers. The idea of a united Australia provided an opportunity to enact cohesive immigration laws that would favor European immigration.

3. Political Expediency:

As the movement towards Federation gained momentum, politicians realized that embracing the White Australia policy could garner widespread public support. By aligning themselves with the prevailing sentiments of Anglo-Saxon superiority and the desire for a racially homogeneous society, political leaders hoped to secure electoral gains.

4. Fears of 'Flooding':

There was a prevailing concern among some Australians that unrestricted immigration from Asia could lead to a 'flooding' of the continent by non-European peoples. These fears were often exaggerated and driven by racist stereotypes and xenophobia. Federation offered the opportunity to establish uniform border control measures and immigration laws to address this perceived threat.

5. Social Cohesion:

Many believed that a homogeneous society, predominantly of British descent, would lead to greater social cohesion and harmony. They saw diversity as a potential source of conflict, and thus argued that a 'White Australia' policy would foster unity and sense of common purpose among the Australian people.

In conclusion, while the concept of a 'White Australia' was indeed influential in shaping public sentiment and political discourse during the lead up to Federation, it is essential to recognize that the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia was a complex process influenced by various economic, political, and social factors.