The greater Himalaya comprises several distinct sub-ranges:
| Range | Countries | Highest Peak (Elevation) |
|---|---|---|
| Hindu Kush | Pakistan, Afghanistan | Tirich Mir (7,708 m) |
| Karakoram | Pakistan, India, China | K2 (8,611 m) |
| Kunlun Mountains | China (Tibet) | Kunlun (7,167 m) |
| Pamir Mountains | Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Pakistan, Afghanistan | Kongur Tagh (7,719 m) |
| Tien Shan | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China | Jengish Chokusu (7,439 m) |
These ranges form the "Roof of the World," hosting all 14 eight-thousanders except K2 (Karakoram). They are geologically active, glaciated, and critical for Asia's water security.