Rolling topography with low mountain ranges and hills; highest point Mount Carleton (820 m / 2,700 ft). Highly irregular coastline with many bays, coves, harbors, and large islands (Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island, Sable Island).
Varied mix of sandy loam, clay loam, silt loam. Annapolis Valley soils are especially fertile for fruit and vegetable production.
Temperate: warm summers, cold winters. ~1,250 mm (50 in) annual precipitation. Halifax average temperature 6.7 °C (44 °F).
Forests (spruce, fir, pine), minerals (coal), and a major fishing industry.
Mostly forested; significant agriculture, urban development, and recreation.