Which Countries Border the Caspian Sea?

The Caspian Sea—the world's largest inland body of water—is bordered by five countries:

• Russia (northwest)
• Kazakhstan (northeast)
• Turkmenistan (southeast)
• Iran (south)
• Azerbaijan (southwest)

These nations share the sea's vast energy resources (oil, gas), sturgeon fisheries (caviar), and strategic maritime routes. The 2018 Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea established a framework for resource division and military use.