Livestock: The extensive pastures for cattle raising, especially beef cattle is practiced in the central and western regions.
Mining: Brazil is rich in mineral resources found in the highlands, mining is a significant economic sector, including activities for minerals like gold, iron, copper, manganese.
Forestry: The highlands are covered with vast areas of forests, the Amazon Rainforest being most notable. Forestry related to logging and timber production.
Hydroelectric Power: The rugged topography and water resources in the highlands make it ideal for hydroelectric power generation.
Urban Settlements: The highlands are also home to numerous cities and towns, the largest being São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, and Curitiba.