The West Bank and Gaza Strip were part of Jordan and Egypt, respectively, before they were captured by Israel in 1967. East Jerusalem was part of Jordan, while the Golan Heights was part of Syria.
Israel has maintained control over these territories since 1967, and has built settlements in some of them. The settlements are considered illegal under international law, as they are built on land that is not recognized as belonging to Israel.
The situation in the occupied territories is complex and there is no easy solution. The Palestinian people want to establish an independent state in the occupied territories, while Israel wants to maintain control over them. There have been many attempts to negotiate a peace agreement between the two sides, but none have been successful so far.