As he returned back to his nation, Dom Pedro I, prince regent of Brazil, faced some opposition to the return of Portuguese troops and policies that favored Portugal interests above those of Brazil.
On September 7, at around 4 p.m, Dom Pedro I was at the bank of the river Ipiranga. There he received letters stating that the Portuguese Cortes ( parliament) was about to revoke his powers which could imply on taking his child's regency and forcing himself back to Portugal. His advisers urged Dom Pedro I to rebel and declare sovereignty because of Brazil, and some sources point that his wife, Empress Leopoldina, would have had an input on the prince regency's decision on that day. On that occasion, on the banks of the River Ipiranga, in present-day São Paulo, he reportedly drew his sword with a shout (the Cry of Ipiranga which in Portuguese is O Grito do Ipiranga), commonly reported as _'Independência ou Morte!' ( "Independence or Death! ")_ He would remain the ruler of the newly independent Brazil, now as Dom Pedro I of Brazil. At the time of Brazil's declaration of independence, some Brazilian provinces refused to join the Empire of Brazil; the provinces of: Bahia, Maranhão, and Grão-Pará instead supported a pro-Portugal government known as the "Independent Junta of Bahia'. However, the Brazilian government quickly sent forces which managed to subdue the rebellions by November 1823: Maranhão capitulated to pro-independence forces that year while forces loyal to emperor Dom Pedro I arrived in Bahia in July 1823: there, after successful negotiations, on July 2, Bahiana authorities officially recognized the emperor- and with that the end of Portuguese presence in Brazil, which in total took one year between the declaration of _independência e morte! - "Independence or Death" , until the complete pacification of all remaining Portuguese holdouts_.
