Flora and Fauna of Punjab, India

Flora (Vegetation Zones)

1. Tropical Deciduous Forests (Shivalik Hills/lower Himalayas): sal, rosewood, mulberry, bamboo.
2. Sub-Tropical Pine Forests (higher Shivaliks/Himalayas): pine, spruce, fir, cedar.
3. Temperate Forests (mid-Himalayas): oak, maple, birch, rhododendron.
4. Alpine Forests (high Himalayas): juniper, yew, willow.
5. Riverine Forests (riverbanks): poplar, willow, tamarisk.
6. Grasslands (plains): grasses, legumes, shrubs.
7. Wetlands (lakes, marshes): aquatic plants.
8. Desert Vegetation (arid zones): cacti, succulents, thorny shrubs.

Fauna (Selected Species)

Mammals

Leopard, snow leopard, sloth bear, Asian black bear, Himalayan marmot, pangolin, musk deer, Kashmir stag, goral, serow, blue sheep, bharal, Himalayan tahr, golden jackal, Indian wolf, red fox, civets, mongoose, otter, weasel, stoat, flying squirrels, porcupine.

Birds

Western tragopan, Himalayan monal, koklass/cheer/kalij pheasants, snowcocks, chukar, partridges, peafowl, lapwings, gulls, plovers, ducks, vultures, eagles, harriers, hawks, sparrowhawks, kingfishers, barbets, woodpeckers.

Reptiles & Amphibians

Cobras, vipers, kraits, pythons, monitor lizards, chameleons, geckos; toads, bullfrogs, tree frogs.

Fish

Rohu, catla, mrigal, carps, trout, salmon, hilsa, catfish, eel, snakehead.

Invertebrates

Bees, ants, termites, crickets, grasshoppers, mantids, butterflies, moths, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, mites, ticks, leeches.