Is Luxembourg Part of the Netherlands?

No. Luxembourg is a fully independent sovereign state—the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Key Facts

• Location: Landlocked in Western Europe, bordered by Belgium (west/north), France (south), Germany (east).
• Status: Founding member of EU, NATO, UN, Benelux, Eurozone.
• Head of State: Grand Duke Henri (constitutional monarch).
• Capital: Luxembourg City (also a major EU institutional seat).

Historical Connection to the Netherlands

• 1815–1839: After Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna made Luxembourg a Grand Duchy under the Dutch King (William I) as part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• 1839: Treaty of London partitioned Luxembourg: western (French-speaking) part went to Belgium; eastern part remained under Dutch king but with autonomy.
• 1867: Luxembourg Crisis resolved by Treaty of London: Luxembourg declared neutral, Dutch king ceased to be Grand Duke; personal union ended 1890 (Salic law).
• 1890: Adolphe of Nassau-Weilburg became Grand Duke; full dynastic independence.

The Netherlands (Holland) is a separate country to the northwest, bordering Germany, Belgium, and the North Sea. The two are close partners in the Benelux Union (Belgium-Netherlands-Luxembourg) but are distinct nations.