Languages of Luxembourg: Official, Administrative & Spoken
The question asks about "literacy" but lists languages. Here's the linguistic landscape of Luxembourg:
Official Languages (Constitutional)
- Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergesch) – National language (since 1984); spoken by ~90% of residents.
- French – Language of legislation, courts, administration, government.
- German – Language of print media, church, some education; co-official.
Widely Spoken Non-Official Languages
- English – Business, finance, EU institutions, tourism, education (widely fluent).
- Portuguese – Largest immigrant community (~15% of population); community media, commerce.
- Italian – Historical immigrant community; cultural presence.
Literacy
Adult literacy rate: ~99–100% (near-universal). Education is compulsory to age 16; trilingual school system (Luxembourgish → German → French) produces high multilingual literacy.
Language Law (1984)
Established Luxembourgish as national language; French as legislative language; German and French as administrative/judicial languages. Citizens may address administration in any of the three; reply in the same language.