Italy and Japan were dissatisfied with the peace settlements provided in Treaty of Versailles because both countries expected more?

This statement is not entirely accurate. While both Italy and Japan had certain grievances with the Treaty of Versailles, their reasons for dissatisfaction were not solely based on the expectation of more significant gains. Here's a more detailed explanation of their respective positions:

Italy:

While Italy did anticipate greater territorial gains, particularly in the Adriatic region, the primary source of dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles was the perceived failure of the Allies to honor the promises made in the Treaty of London (1915). This secret treaty, signed during World War I, promised Italy significant territorial concessions, including parts of Istria, Dalmatia, and the city of Fiume. However, the final peace settlement fell short of these promises, leading to widespread disappointment and resentment in Italy.

Japan:

Japan's dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles stemmed primarily from the inclusion of the racial equality clause in the League of Nations covenant. The clause, proposed by the United States and supported by other Western nations, aimed to promote equal treatment and opportunities for all races. Japan viewed the clause as a challenge to its racial policies and a threat to its national prestige and sovereignty. They felt that the clause implied that Japan's treatment of its own citizens and its colonial subjects was inferior, which was a sensitive point of national pride.

In summary, while Italy's dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles was partly due to unmet expectations, it was primarily driven by the perceived betrayal of promises made during the war. On the other hand, Japan's main objection was rooted in the inclusion of the racial equality clause, which they viewed as a violation of their national sovereignty and dignity.