European Countries That Are Not Members of the European Union

Non-EU Nations in Europe (as of 2024)

The following sovereign states are geographically or politically European but are not members of the European Union:

Western Balkans

• Albania
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Kosovo
• Montenegro
• North Macedonia
• Serbia

Eastern Europe / Post-Soviet

• Belarus
• Moldova
• Russia
• Ukraine

South Caucasus

• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Georgia

Microstates

• Andorra
• Liechtenstein
• Monaco
• San Marino
• Vatican City

Other European Non-Members

• Iceland
• Norway
• Switzerland
• United Kingdom
• Turkey (candidate country, mostly in Asia)

Several of these (e.g., Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, Liechtenstein) participate in the European Single Market via EFTA/EEA agreements. Others, like the UK, have left the EU (Brexit, 2020). Candidate status varies.