Which of these time periods was characterized by a low learning and culture in Europe?

The Dark Ages, also known as the Early Middle Ages, usually refers to the period between the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century and the High Middle Ages in the 13th century. This period is associated with the decline of literacy, learning, and culture in Europe, as well as a series of political and economic challenges. It is often contrasted with the more vibrant cultural and intellectual periods that preceded and followed it, such as the Classical Age and the Renaissance.