- The construction of the Villa Borghese gardens in Rome began under the patronage of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, nephew of Pope Paul V.
- The painter Caravaggio arrived in Rome and began to create his masterpieces, revolutionizing the art world with his use of chiaroscuro and intense realism.
- The philosopher and scientist Galileo Galilei began his studies of the motion of falling objects and invented a thermoscope, an early version of a thermometer.
- The city of Venice faced an outbreak of the plague, resulting in significant loss of life and disruption to daily activities.
- In the realm of literature, Torquato Tasso's epic poem "Gerusalemme Liberata" was published, capturing the imaginations of readers with its tale of the First Crusade.
- Vincenzo Scamozzi, an influential architect of the Venetian school, completed the construction of the Palazzo Contarini delle Figure in Venice, showcasing the grandeur of Venetian Renaissance architecture.