* Plate tectonics: The Earth's surface is made up of a number of tectonic plates that are constantly moving. Over time, these plates have collided, separated, and moved past each other, causing the continents to shift position.
* Continental drift: The continents are not fixed in place, but rather are slowly drifting apart due to the movement of the tectonic plates. This process is called continental drift, and it is responsible for the formation of the Earth's oceans and continents.
* Subduction: When two tectonic plates collide, one plate may be forced beneath the other in a process called subduction. This can cause the continents on the two plates to come into contact, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges or volcanic arcs.
* Erosion: The Earth's surface is constantly being eroded by wind, water, and ice. This erosion can cause the edges of the continents to become worn away, making it more difficult for them to fit together exactly.
* Sea level changes: The level of the Earth's oceans has fluctuated throughout history due to changes in climate and the movement of the tectonic plates. These changes in sea level have caused the continents to be alternately exposed and submerged, which can further complicate their fit.