Messina, also known by historians as Ancient Zancle, was colonized by the Greeks in 756 BC and evolved into an important port city under the Greeks. The port then became a strategic location for the Romans after the Greeks and was at the center of many struggles. The port at Messina was also a key launching point for European knights embarking on the Crusades. The city has a notorious history of disasters and is believed to be the location where the bubonic plague was introduced to Europe. Messina has endured its share of earthquakes that has claimed parts of the city over the centuries. In 1943, Messina was heavily bombed by allied forces in WWII and the city became a virtual ghost town as most of its residents fled. Many of Messina's cultural attractions have survived however, and play a major role in the region's tourism industry.
Messina is encircled by a group of steep hills called the Peloritan Mountains. Their highest peak, the Montagna Grande, reaches 1,374 meters above sea level. The mountain range also forms some steep valleys that produce seasonal streams. This terrain made it difficult for enemy forces to attack Messina during the Middle Ages and enabled the city to remain independent. The mountain range is best viewed from the Straight of Messina, where the Peloritan's serve as an impressive backdrop to the city.
Several hotels exist in Messina. Most are situated in the heart of the city, including the La Residenza, which is only minutes from Messina's theater and business district. Other types of accommodations, like country houses and hostels, also exist. Most of the city's restaurants are located in the city center. The port area features only a hand-full of dining options.
Messina is home to a rich and varied art history. One of the most prominent features of the city is the San Raineri lighthouse built in 1555. The San Salvatore fort, erected in the 16th century, is also a main attraction. The local customs house, the Dogana, was constructed after the earthquake of 1908 and still features some of its original art nouveau motifs. The Swabian influence on the city is apparent in the 13th century church, Chiesa di Santa Maria degli Alemanni. Other churches include Chiesa di San Paolino, Chiesa dello Spirito Santo and Chiesa del Carmine. The Palazzo di Giustizia, the local law court, provides views of the Piazza Maurolico and the University of Messina. The university was founded in 1548, and was originally located in Messina's Jesuit College.
Messina is home to more than 250,000 inhabitants and thrives on several industries, including chemical, metalwork, ship construction, plastics and transport. The foodstuff and furniture industries also play an important role in Messina. Farmers primarily grow citrus fruit in Messina's country side. Tourism is a major element of the local economy, given the city's rich history and artistic significance. Messina has a local, public transportation system (ATM), and is reachable by train from other Sicilian cities. The nearest airport is located at Catania, approximately 100 kilometers from Messina.
