Historians debate the origins of Pisa. Some believe the town to be of Greek origin; others believe the Etruscans or Ligurians founded it. Pisa was an important port during the Roman Empire reign and was the base for the Marine Republic navy during the medieval period in Europe. In the 12th century, Pisa was the target of the Genoan fleet, and was eventually taken by Florence in 1406. The city declined in importance as silt from the Arno River filled the port and made transportation difficult. Pisa became home to important universities and scholars, including Galileo.
The top attraction in Pisa, Italy, is the famed square Campo dei Miracoli that is home to architectural landmarks. Campo dei Miracoli holds the Duomo church, the world-famous Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Baptistery and Camposanto cemetery. In addition to the architectural attractions, Pisa is home to the Palazzo Reale National Museum, the San Matteo National Museum and the Piaggio Museum. These all contain important paintings and sculptures.
The cuisine of Pisa incorporates elements found in the local environment--including fish, wild meat, dried fruits, truffles, pine nuts, olive oil and local tomatoes. Standard dishes include panzanella, pasta with hare sauce, wild boar and rabbit dishes, lamp fricassee, fried cod and stuffed mussels. Many local wines are available in Pisa, Italy, including Chianti, red, white and vin santo varieties.
Pisa hosts many festivals filled with music, sporting competitions, historic re-enactments and costumed citizens. Yearly on June 17, Pisa hosts the San Ranieri Historical Regatta to celebrate its patron saint. After the regatta, the Gioco del Ponte medieval festival is held on the last Sunday in June. In the last week in August, Pisa is transformed into a medieval city filled with craftsmen, food and musicians for the Volterra A.D. 1398 celebration. The Ancient Maritime Republic boat race between the cities of Venice, Pisa, Genoa and Amalfi is held every four years in September. For wine enthusiasts, the Pisa Vini wine exhibit is held the last week of November.
Pisa is known for high-quality crafts in leather, wood and terracotta, and for locally produced goods such as olive oil and wine. Local goods are available in a daily market at the Piazza delle Vettovaglie. More formal shops are located on the Borgo Stretto and Corso Italia streets. Furniture goods are available in the Antiques Market.
