Representative democracy: In addition to direct democracy, ancient Athens also had a system of representative democracy. The Council of Five Hundred, which was composed of 500 citizens chosen by lot, served as a representative body that prepared laws for the Assembly to vote on.
Freedom of speech: Freedom of speech was a fundamental principle of Athenian democracy. Citizens were free to express their opinions on any subject, even if those opinions were controversial or unpopular. This principle is also protected in the United States today by the First Amendment to the Constitution.
Political parties: Political parties did not exist in ancient Athens in the same way that they do today, but there were informal political factions that competed for power. These factions were based on social class, economic interests, or political ideology.
Elections: Elections were held in ancient Athens to select magistrates, who were responsible for carrying out the laws. These elections were democratic, and all male citizens over the age of 18 were eligible to vote.
Ostracism: Ostracism was a unique feature of Athenian democracy. It allowed the Assembly to exile any citizen who was considered a threat to the state. This practice was used to remove political opponents, but it was also used to limit the power of individuals who were becoming too influential.
The rule of law: The rule of law was an important principle of Athenian democracy. All citizens, including government officials, were subject to the law. This principle is also fundamental to the American system of government.
