Construction of the Suez Canal began in 1859 and was completed in 1869. The canal was dug entirely by hand, using forced labor from Egypt and other countries. Thousands of workers died during the construction process due to harsh working conditions and disease.
While the Suez Canal was primarily a French-led project, it also involved the participation of other European countries, including Britain and Italy. These countries provided financial and technical support, and also played a role in the operation and management of the canal after its completion.
It's important to note that the Suez Canal was built on Egyptian territory, and the Egyptian government played a significant role in the planning and decision-making process. However, the French had a dominant influence on the project due to their expertise in canal engineering and their close ties with the Egyptian government at the time.