What has Spain invented?

- The submarine: Narcís Monturiol was a Spanish engineer and inventor who designed and built the first-ever steam-powered submarine in 1859. The submarine, named "Ictineo I," could dive to a depth of 20 meters and it also had a primitive diving suit and an air supply system.

- The guitar: The guitar, the musical instrument that we know and love today, is believed to have origins in Spain. Although the exact origin of the guitar is not fully clear, it is widely accepted that the instrument was developed and popularized in Spain during the 15th century.

- The helicopter: Juan de la Cierva, a Spanish engineer and inventor, is credited with developing the first successful helicopter design. In 1923, he created a helicopter that could fly and ascend vertically, which he called the "Autogiro."

- The fountain pen: The fountain pen as we know it today is believed to have been invented by Francisco Javier de Istúriz, a Spanish inventor, in 1796. His invention featured a metal nib and a reservoir that would carry and dispense ink through a hole in the nib of the pen.

- The artificial insemination: Spanish scientist Gregorio García was one of the pioneers in the field of artificial insemination. In the 19th century, he conducted his first experiments of animal artificial insemination and published several articles on that subject.

- The light bulb: The Spanish scientist José María Yanguas Messia is considered one of the inventors of the light bulb. In 1842, he gave the city council of Madrid a device consisting in a glass bulb from which the air was evacuated, and that illuminated as a result of the passage of electric current.