Symbolism of the Peruvian Flag: Red Blood, White Peace

The flag of Peru consists of three vertical bands: red, white, and red. The colors carry deep historical meaning rooted in the struggle for independence from Spain.

• Red: Represents the blood spilled by patriots and martyrs who fought and died for Peru's independence in the early 19th century.
• White: Symbolizes peace, purity, justice, and the noble ideals of the new republic.

The state flag includes the national coat of arms in the center white band, featuring a vicuña (fauna), cinchona tree (flora), and a cornucopia of coins (mineral wealth), topped by a civic crown. The civil flag omits the coat of arms. The design was adopted in 1825, refined from the original 1820 proposal by General José de San Martín.