How did the Spanish conquer natives of central and South America?

The Spanish used advanced weaponry, including firearms, cannons, and crossbows, to defeat the Indigenous groups. They had more guns and they used them more effectively than the natives.

2. Exploiting Rivalries

Native people were divided between numerous city-states and chiefdoms, and the Spanish exploited these rivalries and formed alliances with some Native American groups against others.

3. Diseases

The Spanish inadvertently brought diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, wiping out millions of natives.

4. Surprise Attacks & Treachery

Often, the Spanish took advantage of the natives' trust and attacked them while pretending to be peaceful traders.

5. Horse Power

Horses gave the Spanish conquistadors a significant advantage in speed, mobility, and power during battles.

6. Political Intrigue

The Spanish effectively exploited preexisting conflicts between native societies. For instance, the Aztec empire's conquests had created resentment from other native groups which the Spanish were able to capitalize on as they gained a foothold in the region.

7. Superior Armour & Strategy

The Spanish brought superior armour and strategic warfare tactics, which they learned from their long history in wars against the Moors.