The ant fauna of Peru is characterized by a high level of endemism, meaning that many of the species found there are not found anywhere else in the world. This is especially true in the Amazon rainforest, which is home to over 80% of Peru's ant species.
Some of the most notable ant species in Peru include the leafcutter ants (Atta and Acromyrmex), which are known for their ability to cut and transport leaves to their nests, where they use them as substrate to grow fungi; the army ants (Eciton and Labidus), which are nomadic predators that move through the forest in vast armies, preying on other insects and even small vertebrates; and the bullet ants (Paraponera clavata), which are known for their extremely painful stings.