Why did Mexico fight vs Spain?

- Control over resources: Spanish control of Mexico's resources, including gold and silver, was a major source of discontent among Mexicans. They resented the fact that the wealth generated from these resources was largely sent back to Spain, leaving Mexico impoverished.

- Political representation: Mexicans were also frustrated by the lack of political representation in the Spanish colonial government. They were denied the right to vote or hold office, and they had no say in the policies that affected their lives.

2. Social inequalities

- Hierarchical social structure: Spanish society in Mexico was highly stratified, with Europeans at the top, followed by criollos (people of Spanish descent born in Mexico), mestizos (people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry), and indigenous people at the bottom. This hierarchy was based on race and social status, and it resulted in widespread discrimination against non-Europeans.

3. Enlightenment ideas

- Influence of the Enlightenment: The spread of Enlightenment ideas, which emphasized individual liberty, equality, and the right to self-government, had a profound impact on Mexican intellectuals. These ideas inspired them to challenge the oppressive Spanish colonial regime and to seek independence.

4. French invasion of Spain

- Opportunity to revolt: The French invasion of Spain in 1808 created a power vacuum in Mexico. With the Spanish king in exile, Mexicans saw an opportunity to seize power and establish an independent government.