Mexico After Independence from Spain (1821)

Independence (27 Sept 1821) began a turbulent half‑century:

1. First Mexican Empire (1821‑23) – Agustín de Iturbide crowned emperor; quickly overthrown.
2. Federal Republic (1824‑1835) – Constitution of 1824; instability, coups.
3. Centralist Republic (1835‑1846) – Santa Anna’s dictatorship; Texas lost (1836).
4. Mexican‑American War (1846‑48) – Lost 55% territory.
5. Liberal Reform (1855‑61) – Juárez, Lerdo; Constitution of 1857; Church‑state separation.
6. French Intervention (1862‑67) – Maximilian I installed as emperor; Juárez restored republic.
7. Porfiriato (1876‑1911) – Díaz dictatorship; modernization, repression.
8. Mexican Revolution (1910‑20) – Overthrew Díaz; 1917 Constitution.

The prompt’s summary (republic → French Intervention → Second Empire → republic) captures 1824‑1867 but omits the later Porfiriato and Revolution.