- Iraq: The majority of the Assyrian heartland, including the ancient capital cities of Ashur and Nineveh, lies within the modern-day territory of Iraq.
- Syria: A significant portion of northern Syria was also part of the Assyrian Empire. The city of Harran, an important religious center for the Assyrians, is located in present-day Syria.
- Turkey: Some parts of southeastern Turkey, near the border with Syria and Iraq, were also included within the Assyrian Empire.
Today, the indigenous Assyrian people, descendants of the ancient Assyrians, are recognized as an ethnic and religious minority group living primarily in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and the Middle East.