Who established claims in North America?

European explorers established claims in North America beginning in the late 15th century.

1. Spain: Spain was the first European power to establish claims in North America, beginning with Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean in 1492. Spain established colonies in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, and also claimed parts of North America, including Florida and the Southwest.

2. France: France established claims in North America in the early 16th century, beginning with the exploration of the St. Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534. France established colonies in Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi River Valley.

3. England: England established claims in North America in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, beginning with the Roanoke Colony in 1585 and the Jamestown Colony in 1607. England established colonies along the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Georgia.

4. Netherlands: The Netherlands established claims in North America in the early 17th century, founding the colony of New Amsterdam (present-day New York City) in 1624. The Dutch also established colonies in the Delaware Valley and the Connecticut River Valley.

5. Russia: Russia established claims in North America in the late 18th century, with the establishment of Fort Ross in California in 1812.

These European powers established colonies and claimed territories in North America through exploration, trade, and military conquest. The establishment of European colonies in North America had a profound impact on the indigenous peoples of the region and shaped the history of the United States and Canada.