Mountain Ranges Formed Like the Himalayas

Continental Collision (Orogeny)

• Andes – Nazca Plate subducting under South America (oceanic‑continental, but similar compressional uplift)
• Rockies – Laramide orogeny: North American Plate over Farallon Plate
• Alps – African Plate colliding with Eurasian Plate
• Urals – Eurasian Plate vs. Siberian Platform
• Appalachians – Ancient collision of North American and African Plates

Volcanic Arc Accretion

• Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, Ryukyu Islands, Mariana Islands, Tonga Islands

Continental Rifting & Uplift

• Basin and Range (W. North America), East African Rift, Rhine Rift Valley, Baikal Rift Zone, Dead Sea Rift

Each mechanism produces distinct structural styles, but all involve large‑scale tectonic forces.