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Here are some other names and variations that have been used to refer to Istanbul throughout history:
1. Byzantium: This was the name given to the city when it was founded in the 7th century BC by Greek settlers. The name is derived from the legendary figure Byzas, who is said to have founded the city.
2. Constantinople: This name was given to the city by the Roman Emperor Constantine I when he made it the new capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD. The name means "Constantine's City" in Greek.
3. New Rome: Constantine also referred to the city as "Nova Roma" (New Rome) in Latin, reflecting his intention to establish it as a second Rome.
4. Augusta Antonina: This name was given to the city by Constantine in honor of his mother, Helena.
5. City of the Seven Hills: Istanbul is built on seven hills, similar to Rome, which is why it was sometimes referred to as the "City of the Seven Hills".
6. Queen of Cities: Istanbul was also known as the "Queen of Cities" due to its political, cultural, and religious significance throughout history.
7. Islambol: This name was used by the Ottoman Turks after their conquest of the city in 1453. It is derived from the Arabic word "Islam" and the Greek word "polis" (city).
8. Darülhilafe (House of the Caliphate): Istanbul served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire, which was also a caliphate, so it was sometimes called "Darülhilafe".
9. Constantinople (in Western Languages): Many Western languages continued to use the name "Constantinople" for the city until the early 20th century when the Turkish name Istanbul became more widely recognized and used.
These are just a few of the names and variations that have been used to refer to Istanbul over its long and rich history.