Ten Major Landforms of the World

1. Mountains – tectonic/volcanic uplift (all continents).
2. Hills – lower, rounded elevations.
3. Valleys – river/glacial erosion between highlands.
4. Plateaus – elevated flatlands, often eroded mountains.
5. Plains – broad lowlands (coastal, interior); erosion or deposition.
6. Deserts – arid zones (low rain, high temp/wind).
7. Forests – tree-covered (temperate, tropical).
8. Grasslands – grass-dominated (prairie, savanna, steppe).
9. Tundra – cold, treeless, permafrost (Arctic/Antarctic).
10. Wetlands – water-saturated (marshes, swamps, bogs, fens).

These landforms shape climate, ecosystems, and human settlement globally.