- The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea, is considered South Korea's primary adversary.
- The two countries technically remain in a state of war since the Korean War (1950-1953) armistice agreement.
- Tensions persist due to North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, as well as ongoing border disputes and military provocations.
China:
- While South Korea maintains economic and diplomatic relations with China, there are ongoing historical and territorial disputes between the two countries.
- China's rising military power and influence in the region add another layer of complexity to their relationship.
Japan:
- South Korea and Japan have a challenging relationship stemming from historical grievances, including Japan's colonial occupation of Korea from 1910 to 1945.
- Ongoing disputes over territory, history, and trade issues contribute to this complexity.