Colonial Campaigns in Virginia and the Lower South: A Timeline (1607–1752)

English Expansion from Chesapeake to Altamaha

The term "campaigns" here refers to colonization, conflict, and institutional milestones rather than military operations by a General Grant (who wasn't born yet). The timeline below traces the foundational period.

Virginia (1607–1676)

• 1607: Jamestown founded (Virginia Company).
• 1609: John Smith maps Chesapeake.
• 1611–1614: Anglo-Powhatan Wars (1st & 2nd).
• 1613: Pocahontas captured; later marries John Rolfe.
• 1619: First Africans arrive; House of Burgesses convenes.
• 1622: Powhatan uprising kills 347 colonists.
• 1644–46: 3rd Anglo-Powhatan War; Powhatan Confederacy dissolved.
• 1660: Restoration → Royal colony.
• 1676: Bacon's Rebellion (frontier vs. elite) — suppressed.

Lower South: Carolinas & Georgia (1629–1752)

• 1629: Carolana grant to Sir Robert Heath (lapsed).
• 1663: Carolina Charter to 8 Lords Proprietors.
• 1670: Charles Town (Charleston) founded.
• 1712: North/South Carolina separate governments.
• 1711–15: Tuscarora War (NC) → Yamasee War (SC) — near collapse of colony.
• 1719: SC becomes royal colony.
• 1732: Georgia chartered (Oglethorpe trustees) — buffer vs. Spanish Florida.
• 1733: Savannah founded.
• 1742: Battle of Bloody Marsh (St. Simons) — Oglethorpe defeats Spanish.
• 1752: Georgia becomes royal colony.

Common Threads

• Indigenous displacement (Powhatan, Tuscarora, Yamasee, Creek, Cherokee).
• Rice/indigo/tobacco plantation complex → enslaved African labor.
• Strategic rivalry: England vs. Spain (FL), France (MS/AL), Netherlands.
• Self-government evolution: assemblies → royal control.

These "campaigns" laid the demographic, economic, and political groundwork for the Revolutionary South.