South Dakota Horse Population: 135,000 (2012 USDA Census)

Equine Demographics in the Mount Rushmore State

135,000 horses reported in the 2012 USDA Census of Agriculture (most recent comprehensive count).

Context & Trends

• National Rank: ~15th in horse population
• Per Capita: High – 1 horse per ~6 residents
• Primary Uses: Ranching (cattle work), recreation, racing, rodeo, therapy
• Breeds: Quarter Horse dominant; Paint, Appaloosa, Thoroughbred, Arabian, draft crosses

Economic Impact

• Est. $500M+ annual economic contribution
• Supports feed, vet, farrier, tack, trailer, tourism industries
• Major events: Black Hills Stock Show, rodeos, trail rides

Data Limitations

• 2012 census – next full census 2022 (data releasing 2024)
• Excludes non-farm horses (urban/suburban) – actual number likely higher
• NAHMS equine studies provide supplemental health/management data

South Dakota's horse culture reflects its ranching heritage and wide-open spaces.