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* Deforestation: The expansion of agriculture led to widespread deforestation, as large swaths of native forests were cleared to make way for crops. This deforestation had a devastating impact on Hawaii's environment, leading to soil erosion, habitat loss, and a decline in biodiversity.
* Water pollution: The use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture also led to water pollution, as these chemicals were washed into streams and rivers. This pollution harmed aquatic ecosystems and made water unsafe for drinking or swimming.
* Air pollution: The burning of sugarcane fields and the use of heavy machinery in agriculture contributed to air pollution. This pollution caused respiratory problems and other health issues for people living in the area.
Social and Cultural Changes
* Dispossession of Hawaiians: The loss of land and resources to agribusiness corporations had a devastating impact on native Hawaiians, who were largely displaced from their traditional lands and livelihoods. This dispossession led to poverty, unemployment, and social unrest among the Hawaiian population.
* Loss of cultural practices: The disruption of traditional Hawaiian lifeways, such as fishing and farming, led to the loss of many cultural practices and traditions. This cultural loss further contributed to the marginalization of native Hawaiians.
Economic Changes
* Dependency on agriculture: The expansion of agriculture made the Hawaiian economy heavily dependent on a single industry, which made it vulnerable to fluctuations in the global market. This dependence also meant that the economy was not diversified, which limited opportunities for economic growth.
* Low wages: The agribusiness industry was characterized by low wages, as many workers were paid poverty-level wages. This exploitation of workers contributed to the poverty and inequality that existed in Hawaii.