Four Banned Dog Breeds in the UK Under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991

The UK's Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 prohibits four specific dog breeds/types, making it illegal to own, breed, sell, abandon, or give away these dogs. The law focuses on "type" (physical characteristics) rather than purebred status, meaning crossbreeds exhibiting these traits can also be seized.

The Four Prohibited Types

1. Pit Bull Terrier

The most commonly encountered banned type. "Pit bull" isn't a single Kennel Club breed but a type encompassing American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, and similar crosses. Characterized by muscular build, broad head, strong jaw.

2. Japanese Tosa

Originally bred for dog fighting in Japan. Large, powerful mastiff-type (100–200+ lbs). Rare in UK but strictly prohibited.

3. Dogo Argentino

Argentine big-game hunting mastiff. Large, white, muscular, athletic. Bred for puma/wild boar hunting. Increasingly seen in UK seizures.

4. Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian Mastiff)

Brazilian farm/guard dog. Extreme loyalty to family, inherent wariness/aggression toward strangers. "Ojeriza" (aversion to strangers) is a breed trait. Very rare in UK.

How the Law Works

Type Assessment

Police/experts assess physical measurements against breed standards (height, weight, head shape, proportions). A dog need not be purebred—if it "substantially conforms" to type, it's prohibited.

Exemption Scheme (Index of Exempted Dogs)

If a court determines a dog is a prohibited type but not a danger to public safety, it may be placed on the Index with strict conditions:

• Neutered/spayed
• Microchipped
• Third-party liability insurance
• Muzzled and leashed in public
• Kept in secure conditions
• Owner must be "fit and proper" (criminal record check)

Penalties

• Unlimited fine
• Up to 6 months imprisonment
• Dog destruction order (unless exempted)
• Disqualification from dog ownership

Controversy and Criticism

• Breed-specific legislation (BSL) criticized by RSPCA, British Veterinary Association, Dogs Trust: ineffective, punishes responsible owners, ignores individual behavior
• Any dog can be dangerous if poorly bred, socialized, or trained
• Focus shifting: 2014 Anti-Social Behaviour Crime and Policing Act expanded powers for any dangerously out-of-control dog, regardless of breed

If You Encounter a Suspected Banned Type

Report to police (101 non-emergency). Do not approach. If you own a dog that might be typed, seek legal advice immediately—seizure can happen quickly.