Military force was the most direct and effective way to control a colony. The British used their superior military power to defeat local resistance, establish colonial rule, and maintain order. In Nigeria, the British used military force to defeat the powerful Sokoto Caliphate in 1903, and to put down numerous uprisings and rebellions throughout the colonial period.
Economic exploitation was another key way that the British controlled Nigeria. The British established a system of cash crops, such as cocoa, groundnuts, and palm oil, which were grown by African farmers and then exported to Britain for sale. This system generated profits for British companies and helped to fund the colonial administration. The British also controlled the mining industry in Nigeria, extracting valuable minerals such as tin, coal, and gold.
Cultural assimilation was another important way that the British controlled Nigeria. The British sought to impose their own culture and values on the African population, and to suppress African traditions and customs. They did this through a variety of means, including the establishment of Christian missions, the introduction of English-language education, and the suppression of African languages and religions.
The British were successful in controlling Nigeria through their military power, economic exploitation, and cultural assimilation. They were able to establish and maintain colonial rule for over 60 years, from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century.
