The typical aircraft structure is divided into many parts connected with various fastening methods. Rivets are a common method to fasten the skin of the aircraft to the frame and to attach many of the aircraft's parts and additional structural components. The method and type of rivet used is dependent on the location of the parts being fastened together.
When choosing a rivet for any part of the aircraft, be certain it is approved by the FAA for the intended purpose. A good source to determine the appropriate rivet is the aircraft manufacturer and the rivet manufacturer. One example of the difference between over-the-counter hardware store rivets and aircraft rivets is the head angle. The angle of the head on a hardware store rivet is 78 degrees, while the head angle on an aircraft rivet is 100 degrees. The 100 degree rivet covers more surface area, creating a better bonding strength.
Aluminum alloy is used as the material for most aircraft rivets. There are five common types available, each rated specifically by its strength and temper conditions, which is the condition in which the aluminum was produced. The softer aluminum rivet is used for nonstructural parts, such as a map case or other minor item that does not have much weight pressed against it. Other considerations in determining the type of rivet material would be the corrosion properties, strength of the attachment points, type of material being attached and the care needed for the rivets before and after they're attached to an aircraft.
The solid shank rivet is used for repair work. The material of the rivet depends on the material of the aircraft part being bonded.
Blind rivets are typically used in areas of the aircraft that have limited access to both sides of the materials being bonded or for nonstructural parts of the aircraft that do not require the full strength of a shank rivet. The special rivets in this category are referred to as blind rivets because they are used in areas where one head cannot be seen. The blind rivets have specific properties that require special tools and installation procedures when compared to shank rivets.
When selecting a rivet, there are four main factors to take into consideration. The first factor is to consider the location of installation. This may determine how far you want the head sunk into the material or whether to use a blind or shank rivet. The second factor is the material being riveted, which will determine the strength and material of the rivet needed. The third factor is the thickness of the material being riveted. The desired strength of the bonding is the fourth consideration.
