- Access to water: Rivers provide a reliable source of fresh water for drinking, cooking, irrigation, and transportation. Settlements near rivers can ensure a consistent supply of water for various needs.
- Transportation: Rivers have historically been important trade routes, allowing for the easy movement of goods and people. Settlements along riverbanks could take advantage of this transportation network, facilitating trade and communication with other regions.
- Fertile soil: River deltas and floodplains often have rich, fertile soil due to the deposition of sediments. This makes the land suitable for agriculture, allowing people to grow crops and sustain a settled lifestyle.
- Microclimate: River valleys and floodplains can create a microclimate that is more favorable for human habitation. The presence of water can moderate temperatures, providing a more comfortable environment compared to drier or more exposed areas.
- Natural resources: Rivers provide a variety of natural resources, such as fish, timber, and building materials, which can be essential for survival and economic development.
- Defense: In some cases, settling near rivers offered a strategic advantage for defense. Rivers could serve as natural barriers or moats, providing protection from enemies or invasions.
- Cultural and religious significance: Many cultures and religions have deep connections to rivers. Rivers may be considered sacred or have cultural importance, which influences people's decision to settle nearby.
