* Dense rainforest: The area where the Panama Canal was built was covered in dense rainforest, which made it difficult to clear the land and build the canal.
* Mountains: The Panama Canal had to be built through the Continental Divide, which is a mountain range that runs through Central America. This required the construction of several locks to raise and lower ships as they passed through the mountains.
Political Obstacle
* Colombia: The Panama Canal was originally part of Colombia, and the Colombian government was initially reluctant to allow the United States to build the canal. This led to a conflict between the United States and Colombia, and the United States eventually supported a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia. Panama became an independent country in 1903, and the United States was able to begin construction on the canal.