Russia's Space Program: Roscosmos

Yes. Russia operates the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos / Роскосмос), successor to the Soviet space program.

Key Achievements & Role

• First satellite (Sputnik 1, 1957), first human in space (Gagarin, 1961).
• Soyuz: only crew transport to ISS 2011–2020 (post-Shuttle, pre-Crew Dragon).
• Major ISS partner: modules (Zvezda, Nauka), cargo (Progress), crew rotation.
• Launch vehicles: Soyuz-2, Proton, Angara (new).
• Lunar program: Luna-25 (2023, failed), planned Luna-26/27/28.
• GLONASS navigation constellation.

Current Challenges

• Budget constraints, brain drain, sanctions (post-2022).
• Loss of European cooperation (ExoMars, Ariane).
• Pivot to China partnership (ILRS lunar base).

Roscosmos remains a top-tier space power despite difficulties.