Westernization: Atatürk also sought to Westernize Turkey by adopting European legal, educational, and cultural practices. This process included the Latinization of the Turkish alphabet and the introduction of Western clothing and lifestyles, which were seen by some Turks as a loss of their national identity.
Authoritarianism: Atatürk ruled Turkey with an authoritarian hand, suppressing political dissent and limiting freedom of expression. This alienated many intellectuals and liberals who longed for a more democratic system of government.
Economic policies: Atatürk's economic policies, which included state control of the economy and industrialization, also met with resistance from some Turks who felt that these policies favored the interests of the urban elite at the expense of the rural population.
Perceived Cultural Losses: Some Turks believed that Ataturk's focus on modernizing and westernizing the country came at the expense of preserving traditional Turkish culture and values. For instance, the abolition of the fez (a traditional head covering for men) and the adoption of Western clothing were seen by some as disrespectful of Turkish customs.
