Projectile weight depended on cannon caliber and type:
| Type | Description | Typical Weight Range |
|---|---|---|
| Solid shot | Solid iron/stone ball | 4 lb (light field gun) – 200+ lb (siege gun) |
| Explosive shell | Hollow, powder-filled, fused | 10 lb – 300+ lb |
| Canister/grapeshot | Can of small iron balls | 10–50 lb (container + balls) |
| Chain/bar shot | Two balls linked (anti-rigging) | 12–24 lb per ball |
Naming convention: A "12-pounder" fired a 12-lb solid shot. Larger siege mortars threw 13-inch shells weighing 200 lb.
Weight dictated range, penetration, and crew size. By the late 19th century, rifled breech-loaders standardized on heavier, aerodynamic shells.