How does a thermal power station work?

A thermal power station, also known as a conventional power plant or a fossil fuel power plant, converts the chemical energy of fossil fuels (such as coal, natural gas, or oil) into electrical energy. Here is a general overview of how a thermal power station works:

1. Fuel Preparation:

- Coal is crushed into fine particles and mixed with water to form a slurry.

- Natural gas is obtained directly from underground reservoirs.

- Oil is stored and heated to reduce viscosity for efficient handling and burning.

2. Combustion:

- The prepared coal or fuel mixture is fed into a boiler.

- High-pressure air is introduced into the boiler, along with the fuel.

- The fuel ignites and undergoes controlled combustion, releasing heat.

3. Steam Generation:

- The heat from the combustion process turns water in the boiler into steam.

- High-pressure steam is produced at the boiler's outlet.

4. Steam Turbine:

- The high-pressure steam is directed to a steam turbine.

- As the steam expands through the turbine's blades, it causes the blades to rotate rapidly.

5. Generator:

- The rotating turbine shaft is connected to an electrical generator.

- The mechanical energy from the turbine is converted into electrical energy in the generator.

- The generator produces alternating current (AC) electricity.

6. Cooling:

- After passing through the turbine, the steam is exhausted and sent to a condenser.

- The condenser uses a cooling medium (usually water) to condense the exhaust steam back into water.

7. Water Treatment:

- The condensed water is purified and treated through various processes like filtration and demineralization to remove impurities.

8. Boiler Feedwater Pump:

- The treated water is pumped back into the boiler to repeat the steam generation process.

9. Electrical Transmission:

- The generated electricity is sent to transformers to increase the voltage for efficient transmission over long distances through power lines.

10. Distribution and Consumption:

- The electricity is distributed to consumers through electrical grids and substations.

- Homes, industries, and commercial establishments utilize the electricity for various purposes.

It's worth noting that the efficiency and environmental impact of thermal power stations vary based on the type of fuel used, as well as the technology and emission control systems employed. Modern power plants incorporate various methods to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and improve efficiency.