Use the RENFE Web site to book your train travel from Barcelona to Cádiz (see Resources below).
Choose from the daytime Altaria train or the nighttime Talgo Trenhotel. The Talgo Trenhotel is a "train-hotel" that offers Economy Tourist Class travel and Premiere accommodations.
Use the TIKNET system to purchase your train tickets. If this is your first time using the system, you will need to register first.
Print the confirmation page and bring it with you to the train station.
When you arrive in Barcelona, bring your confirmation to the train station and get your tickets through a ticket agent or a RENFE electronic booth.