Russian has 10 vowel letters, representing 5–6 phonemes (depending on stress and palatalization):
| Letter | Name (approx.) | Typical Sound |
|---|---|---|
| А а | a | /a/ |
| Е е | ye | /je/ or /e/ |
| Ё ё | yo | /jo/ or /o/ |
| И и | i | /i/ |
| О о | o | /o/ |
| У у | u | /u/ |
| Ы ы | y | /ɨ/ |
| Э э | e | /e/ |
| Ю ю | yu | /ju/ or /u/ |
| Я я | ya | /ja/ or /a/ |
The "soft" vowels (Е, Ё, И, Ю, Я) indicate palatalization of the preceding consonant; the "hard" vowels (А, О, У, Ы, Э) do not.