Languages Spoken in Switzerland

Switzerland has four national languages, each dominant in specific regions:

• German (Swiss German dialects): ~62% of population. North, center, east. (Standard German used in writing/formal speech.)
• French: ~23%. West (Romandy: Geneva, Vaud, Neuchâtel, Jura).
• Italian: ~8%. South (Ticino, parts of Graubünden).
• Romansh: <1%. Southeast (Graubünden valleys); 5 dialects; official at federal level since 1996.

Most Swiss are bilingual (own language + one other national language + English). Language regions are geographically distinct; federal administration operates in German, French, Italian.