Why did Jews go to Shanghai during World War 2?

Shanghai was a safe haven for Jewish refugees during World War II primarily due to the city's unique historical and geopolitical circumstances:

1. Lack of Restrictive Immigration Policies: Unlike many other countries during that period, Shanghai did not have strict immigration policies or quotas for Jewish refugees. In fact, Shanghai had a history of welcoming diverse populations, including Jewish immigrants, who settled in the city even before World War II.

2. Established Jewish Community: Shanghai already had a small but established Jewish community, dating back to the 19th century. This existing community played a crucial role in providing support and assistance to newly arriving Jewish refugees during World War II.

3. International Settlement and Extraterritoriality: Shanghai was divided into several foreign concessions and an International Settlement, which operated under extraterritorial rights granted by various Western countries. This unique status provided a sanctuary for refugees fleeing persecution, as the Japanese occupiers had limited authority within these areas.

4. Visa System: While many countries imposed stringent visa requirements on Jewish refugees, Shanghai's visa process was relatively relaxed. The Japanese authorities, who controlled the city, often turned a blind eye to illegal immigration, which allowed many Jews to enter Shanghai without proper documentation.

5. Refugee Networks and Support: Jewish relief organizations and individuals established refugee networks and support systems in Shanghai. These networks helped refugees secure housing, food, and other essential resources during their time in the city.

6. Limited Japanese Control: Despite occupying Shanghai, the Japanese authorities maintained a delicate balance with Western powers that operated the foreign concessions. This limited control allowed for some degree of autonomy and protection within the International Settlement, providing shelter for refugees.

7. Transit Point: Some Jews saw Shanghai as a temporary refuge while attempting to acquire visas for travel to other countries, such as the United States or Australia.

It's important to note that while Shanghai offered shelter and safety for Jewish refugees during World War II, the city also had its challenges, including overcrowded living conditions, economic hardship, and occasional tensions with the local population. Nevertheless, Shanghai played a significant role in protecting thousands of Jewish lives during a time of immense persecution.