World War I (1914-1918):
- January 28: The Ottoman Empire joins the war on the side of the Central Powers after the Goeben and Breslau incident involving German warships seeking refuge in Ottoman waters.
- February 4: Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare, despite US warnings, escalating tensions with the United States.
- February 19: The British parliament passes the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA), giving the government extensive emergency powers during the war.
- May 7: The RMS Lusitania, a British passenger ship, is sunk by a German U-boat off the coast of Ireland, killing over 1,000 people, including 128 American civilians.
- May 25: Italy enters the war on the side of the Allies when its parliament declares war on Austria-Hungary.
- August 5: The first German zeppelin bombing raid on London occurs.
Armenian Genocide (1915-1923):
- The systematic expulsion, deportations, and eventual killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire begins; estimates of Armenian deaths range from 600,000 to 1.5 million.
Other Notable Events:
- March 8: International Women's Day is organized and celebrated for the first time, promoting women's rights and suffrage.
- July 5: German physicist Albert Einstein presents his general theory of relativity.
- October 15: Serbian nurse Milunka Savić becomes the most decorated female combatant in history during World War I.
- December 9: The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is revived at a meeting on Stone Mountain in Georgia, re-emerging as a militant white supremacist organization.