Ghana Flag: Red, Gold, Green Stripes + Black Star

The flag of Ghana (adopted 1957, readopted 1966) consists of:

• Three equal horizontal stripes:
  • Top: Red — blood of independence struggle.
  • Middle: Gold (Yellow) — mineral wealth (gold).
  • Bottom: Green — forests, agriculture.
• Centered on gold stripe: Black five-pointed star (★) — African freedom, lodestar of liberation (inspired by Marcus Garvey's Black Star Line).

Designer

Theodosia Okoh (1922–2015), Ghanaian artist/stateswoman. Chosen from national competition.

Pan-African Symbolism

Red-Gold-Green = Pan-African colors (Ethiopia's flag inspiration). Used by Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Togo, Benin, etc. Ghana first sub-Saharan colony to gain independence (1957).