What are the natural hazards in Mozambique?

Mozambique is frequently hit by tropical cyclones, which often cause severe damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and livelihoods. The country is particularly vulnerable to cyclones because of its long coastline and low-lying geography. Recent significant cyclones that have affected Mozambique include Cyclone Idai in 2019, Cyclone Kenneth in 2019, and Cyclone Eloise in 2021.

Floods

Mozambique is also prone to flooding, which can be caused by heavy rains associated with tropical cyclones or excessive rainfall during the rainy season. Flooding can cause widespread damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and livelihoods. In some cases, flooding can also lead to displacement and loss of life.

Droughts

Droughts are another natural hazard that can significantly affect Mozambique. Droughts can cause crop failures, water shortages, and livestock deaths, leading to food insecurity and economic losses. Prolonged droughts can also exacerbate other natural hazards, such as wildfires and floods.

Wildfires

Wildfires are a common occurrence in Mozambique, particularly during the dry season. Wildfires can cause significant damage to forests, agriculture, and infrastructure. In some cases, wildfires can also lead to loss of life.

Earthquakes

Mozambique is located in an earthquake-prone region and experiences occasional seismic activity. While major earthquakes are relatively rare, they can cause significant damage and loss of life.

Climate Change

Climate change is expected to exacerbate the frequency and intensity of natural hazards in Mozambique. Rising sea levels could increase the risk of coastal flooding, while changing weather patterns could lead to more extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclones and droughts. Climate change could also have negative impacts on agriculture and water resources, further increasing the vulnerability of communities in Mozambique.